Roman Democracy In historical traditions, it is generally accepted that Roman civilization was founded in 753 BC. B.C. Until 509, Rome had a state structure that we can define as a kingdom. As a result of an event, the last king, Tarquinius Superbus, BC. With his expulsion from Rome in 509, the Roman republic began. There are two rulers at the head of the state. These are high civil servants called Praetors. Both rulers have equal sovereignty rights to each other. They stay in their offices for one year, and when their duties are over, they can be questioned and tried for their actions during the reign. This situation at the end of their mandate is almost a precaution for the praetors to be more meticulous in their actions. The names of these magistrates, that is, high civil servants, named Praetor, will change as consuls after about 150 years. Roman Republic and Senate Another structure that limits the decisions of the praetors is an assembly called the "Senatus" (Seanato/Senate). Praetors had to consult Seanato strictly when making their decisions. While the number of members of the Senate was 300, it will increase to 600 in the next periods. We also know that there are two more chambers below the Senate as a lineage. One of them is known as "Comitia Curiata" and the other as "Comitia Centuriata". Of these, the Comitia Curiata was formed by full-law Roman citizens named patricians. The Comitia Centuriata, on the other hand, was reserved for plebs, who were defined as citizens of limited law, but was also open to patricians. War decisions and laws were first discussed in the Comitia Centuriata, then went to the Comitia Curiata and were approved by the praetors in the Senate. In addition to these, we know that there are two more assemblies. These are called "Comitia Tributa" and "Concilium Plebis". In the Roman state structure, the consuls had two assistants and they were called Quaestor. The Qaestors were in charge of the state treasury. He was also a priest named Pontifex Maximus and had religious affairs and authority in this matter. Another religious title, Rex sacrum, was responsible for the order of rituals in religious affairs. It was also among Rex Sacraum's duties to make sacrifices to the gods. In the Roman state structure, there was also an official named dictator and he did not have a position that he constantly occupied. The dictatorship was an authority or mechanism that emerged when the state was in a particularly difficult situation militarily. The aim here was to overcome the power situation encountered with one-handed management and especially the bureaucratic time losses to be experienced and to find a solution as soon as possible. The term of office of dictators was limited to 6 months by law. An important part of the republican era was the knight (Equites) class, which was called the equestrian class. Free Roman citizens who turned 18 and had a certain amount of wealth could become Equites. HİLAL SEVDA K. / BAFRA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
The institutional and ideological roots of the modern state are found in Athenian Democracy and the Roman Republic. in ancient greece democracy, by every citizen to participate in the law-making process meant to have an equal and meaningful chance. In Athens, the citizens constitute the "demos", and in the "res publica" the "populus romanus". The famous philosophers of ancient Greece, Plato and Aristotle, condemned democracy as bad. criticize the management. In Athens all citizens involved in its implementation and implementation. In Athenian democracy, Isegoria and isonomia are two important principles of equality. Republic in Rome It was founded and developed as a result of the patrician-plebeian conflict. The Roman Republic is a mixed government model, with Populus "potestas" and the Senate. It has "auctoritas". The source of separation of powers, which is a principle of democracies today, is mixed administration. Kemal Can/Betül Can Anatolian High School/ZEHRA ÇINAR BOY